HIV Sero-Prevalence among Tuberculosis Patients in Bangladesh: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Authors

  • Baizid Khoorshid Riaz Director, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Md. Kamrul Amin Department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
  • Md. Shamiul Islam Mycobacterial Disease Control (MBDC), Tuberculosis-Leprosy and AIDS STD Programme (TB-L & ASP) Unit of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Bangladesh.
  • ANM Shamsul Islam Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
  • Jabin Akhter Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Naznin Akter Jahan Department of Nutrition & Biochemistry, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Nasreen Farhana Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
  • Rafaat Choudhury Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
  • Mohammad Jamal Uddin Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Ummul Khair Alam Department of Reproductive and Child Health, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Md. Nazmul Hassan Refat Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Sadia Sobhan Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Kamrun Nahar Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Irfan Nowroze Noor Department of Reproductive and Child Health, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Md. Noor Ashad-Uz-Zaman Department of Reproductive and Child Health, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Fatima Nasreen Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
  • Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212
  • Fahmida Khanam Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31646/gbio.252

Keywords:

Prevalence, Human immunodeficiency virus, Tuberculosis, Sero-survey, Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction

Bangladesh is committed to achieving the SDG target of ending the tuberculosis epidemic and achieving UHC by 2030. To inform policy and program decision-making, this nationwide sero-survey of HIV among tuberculosis patients was conducted.

Methods

The cross-sectional survey utilized a two-stage probability proportional to size (PPS) systematic random sampling technique for selected TB reporting centers (TRCs) from June 2020 to December 2021. The estimated 12,065 diagnosed tuberculosis patients, according to the NTP diagnostic algorithm, irrespective of age and sex, were included. The required information was collected through face-to-face interviews and record reviews using a pre-tested electronic TAB-based semi-structured questionnaire. With all aseptic precautions for all respondents who gave consent, 5 ml. venous blood was collected for the standard confirmatory test by 4th generation ELISA method for detection of antibody of HIV1/2/P24 antigen.

Results

Out of 12,065 TB patients surveyed, most of them were from the Dhaka division (25%), urban (76%), 55 years and above (28%), male (56%), married (82%), illiterate (36%) and living in a nuclear family (70%). A total of 12 (0.1%) HIV-positive cases were found among TB patients across the country, and the majority (33%) of them belonged to the age group of 35 to 44 years, male (58%), lower educational group (67%), urban resident (67%), and from nuclear family (77%). The HIV-positive patients found more among pulmonary TB patients (83%) who were detected bacteriologically positive (58%) but smear and gene expert negative (75%). Among them, none was found to have progressed to drug-resistant TB.

Conclusion

HIV affects the immune system, and TB is one of the leading causes of death in HIV-infected people. Although the rate is low, there is a need for continued efforts to prevent and treat TB in Bangladesh, particularly among older age groups, urban residents, and those with co-morbidities such as diabetes.

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Published

2024-08-08

How to Cite

Riaz, B. K., Amin, M. K., Islam, M. S., Islam, A. S., Akhter, J., Jahan, N. A., … Khanam, F. (2024). HIV Sero-Prevalence among Tuberculosis Patients in Bangladesh: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Global Biosecurity, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.31646/gbio.252

Issue

Vol. 6 (2024)

Section

Research Articles

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Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s)

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Received 2023-12-28
Accepted 2024-07-17
Published 2024-08-08